Global Climate Dashboard
Tracking climate change and natural variability over time.
This index tracks back-and-forth shifts in air pressure between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
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Since 1979, the extent of ice covering the Arctic Ocean at the end of summer has shrunk nearly 45 percent.
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide has risen more than 50 percent since people began burning fossil fuels for energy.
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The relative Oceanic Niño Index tracks warming or cooling of the central tropical Pacific Ocean, one indicator of El Niño and La Niña.
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The glaciers in a key reference network lost an average thickness of just over 100 feet between 1970 and 2025.
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The heating influence of all human-produced greenhouse gases was 54 percent higher in 2024 than it was in 1990.
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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index tracks changes in pressure patterns and the jet stream in the North Atlantic.
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The oceans have absorbed about 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases from 1971–2020. All depths of the ocean are warming.
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The Pacific-North America (PNA) index tracks changes in high and low pressure patterns that affect weather across North America.
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Sea level has risen 8-9 inches since 1880, and the rate of increase has accelerated over the satellite era.
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The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) tracks changes in pressure and wind across the tropical Pacific during El Niño and La Niña.
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The sun’s activity during the most recent complete cycle was among the lowest in a century.
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Earth's temperature has risen about 2 °F (1.1 ˚C) since the start of the NOAA record in 1850.
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